This blog post will be ongoing over the weeks and months as we follow the developing saga of our Coho salmon eggs. I will add pictures and comments when something notable happens. So check back occasionally to see what's going on!
Salmon in the Classroom is an educational program supported through the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Raising salmon in the classroom setting teaches students about salmon development and fosters students' appreciation of the need to protect salmon and their habitat. Plus it's FUN!
I first heard about Salmon in the Classroom from Missy, my principal. She is the former high school science teacher and she put me in touch with the right people to get the ball rolling. There are applications, fees, equipment and permits to be secured before getting the eggs. Kay Shoemaker, an assistant professor at University of Alaska Fairbanks is the person who over sees the Program. Kay came out to Scammon Bay for a few days to introduce our students to the Salmon in the Classroom program and help us set up everything.
First, we played the Salmon Game. A fun, active way to learn about the life cycle of salmon. Some students were predators like sharks and eagles. Some students were the salmon trying to move through the obstacles.
As you can tell it was an exhausting game! And we learned a lot about the perils of being a salmon. Only one salmon egg in a thousand will survive to return to it's stream and spawn.
Next, Kay and Allie bravely collected some cobblestones from the bottom of our very cold mountain stream. Our students examined the water for macro invertebrates that indicate a healthy stream. We learned about the "superheroes" of healthy water such as the caddisfly, mayfly, and stonefly. Adam-girl is our Caddisfly "superhero" with eyes that can see underwater and a camo cover for a home. Many students learned to identify several different macro invertebrates in our stream.
Then Kay supervised my students as they set up the aquarium in preparation for the arrival of our Coho (Silver) salmon eggs. Great teamwork!
The completed setup has insulation all around the outside, a UV light to kill bacteria, a big filter, and a programmable chiller. Salmon eggs need cold, oxygen-rich water and limited exposure to light in order to develop properly. We used water from our mountain stream. The chiller maintains the temperature at 6C which is about 43F. So the kids had the aquarium nursery set up, ready and waiting for our eggs to be flown in from the hatchery in Anchorage!
Our eggs were scheduled to arrive on Dec. 1st but the weather prevented flights into Scammon Bay. Our lovingly packed but sensitive salmon eggs had to wait the night in Bethel airport. We worried a little bit.
The morning of Dec. 2nd on the 10 am flight sat our very special cargo! Missy, our courier (otherwise known as our Principal), hurried to the airstrip to collect the box of eggs. Below you can see the process of unpacking the eggs and putting them in the tank.
The school was abuzz with excitement! My students were gentle and oh so careful. We found about 200 living eyed eggs wrapped in muslin and burlap inside the insulated box.
Below you can see a diagram of the eyed-egg stage. We could actually see their eyes and they were moving around. They came in at 355 ATUs-Accumulated Thermal Units. The hatching ATUs for Coho are between 400-500. ATUs are calculated by keeping a running total of the daily water temperature.
Floating the eggs to acclimate them to the water before sinking them to bottom.
And there they are--in their new home :)
Below are 2 dead ones. Opaque or white eggs are dead and must be removed from the water. We've only lost 4 so far! We know that some will die due to stress of transport and overcrowding.
Students have signed up for different jobs in taking care of the salmon.
We have 4 jobs:
Recording temperature:
Egg monitor and removing dead ones:
Getting fresh water from the stream and cleaning the tank:
Feeding the fry (when they get to that stage)
Below, Saund is reading the thermometer and calculating ATUs.
These 2 guys, Jr. and Adam, packed fresh water from the mountain stream! I really proud of my students and how they've embraced this project with a sense of responsibility and eagerness to learn more about the fish upon which so many of us depend.
They reached hatching ATUs 2 days ago! So we are eagerly waiting!
The next stage is called Alevin. More on that in a few days--hopefully!
HATCHING is underway!
Today is December 17, 2015. Fifteen days after their arrival into our classrroom we have salmon eggs hatching. Excitement abounds in our school! What a wonderful thing to witness! Kids have been peering into the aquarium all day long.
We only have a few alevin so far! This morning we saw one. But he hasn't moved all day so we fear he didn't survive. As the day progressed my students spotted about 3 more. Alevin do not swim. They hide in the gravel while they continue to develop gills. Alevin do not eat. The yolk sac provides proteins, fats, salts and other nutrients. It is slowly absorbed over the course of 30-50 days. Alevin still need cold, dark, oxygen-rich flowing waters.
If you zoom in on the photos below, try to find the alevin. They are a slightly darker color than the eggs.
Where's Alevin?
Can you find the alevin hiding in the rocks?
Over the Holidays we posted a sign
and I hired a reliable student, Jr., to tend the aquarium. He did a great job and kept everything going even during a few power outages!
This is Jr. At the microscope.
Below is a pic of a few of the ones that didn't survive. Weird looking, huh?
JANUARY UPDATE
HEY EVERYONE! A lot has been happening with our Salmon Babies since my last post in December. My students have been wonderful, caring, observing aquarium keepers! The survival rate of our salmon eggs has really been phenomenal. Out of 200 eggs, we've only lost about 20 up this point. We are aware that as they grow and get crowded and produce most waste, we will lose some more. But so far so good!
I wanted to post a video of the Alevin wiggling in the gravel but I can't seem to post videos on this particular blogger. So still photos it will be.
This an Alevin that we thought was dead because he wasn't moving for a long time, so we got him out of the tank. Then he started wiggling! So after a quick photo session, we put him back in the water. Aren't they amazing little creatures? That big orange belly is the yolk-sac. It's like a lunch-bag. No need to feed them. They are fragile and quite helpless. That's why they wiggle down under the gravel. Below, the pics are a bit blurry. It's hard to get a clear image through the water. But I think you can see how they bunch up in the gravel.
So the Alevin stage lasted from around December 17-January 17. We really enjoyed the anticipation of witnessing the next stage:Fry.
When an Alevin has consumed all its yolk then it is "buttoned up" and swims to the surface to get a gulp of air to fill it's swim bladder and begins looking for food. Over the course of about 7 days the total population in our tank transformed from helpless Alevin into free-swimming fry!
This is an elementary student who came up after school to check on our fish. The elementary teachers have brought their students upstairs on "mini-field trips" to the science lab a few times this year. So everyone in our school is involved with the Salmon in the Classroom program! I'm so glad because this not only teaches the children science but helps build a positive relationship between my future students and I.
I want you to meet Al. Al is one of 4 albino salmon that we have observed in our tank. At first we thought they were sickly and that's the cause of their color. Two died and that sort of confirmed our hypothesis that they were white because they were sick. But two have survived and seem perfectly healthy to this point. After a bit of research and help from Kay, our salmon expert at UAF, we learned that they are indeed albinos. A particular type of albinism called leucism which indicates that they have normal eye color.
Jasmine is one of my good helpers for solving tank mechanics.
In addition to observing the salmon life cycle, we are learning salmon anatomy. We will dissect some of our salmon, especially those that die due to overcrowding. Wow! We have learned soooo much. I'm learning along with my students with is always fun.
So that's all for now! Thanks for checking in and following our Salmon in The Classroom Project.
Feb. 2016
Meet Hoss. Our largest salmon fry. He (or she) is still only about 2 inches long but he is the biggest baby in the tank. We think he hatched first or maybe he's just a big eater. Anyway, our salmon are doing very well for the most part. We had several die this week. Not sure why...maybe overcrowding or a chemical imbalance in the water or overfeeding. The two albino are still alive and perky. My students continue to be great fish and aquarium watchers! And water packers from the creek on cold snowy days! I think the good quality water from our Stream has played a huge roll in the survival of the baby salmon.
